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MLE for the tail index of large losses

Operational losses above a known floor x_m = \1\text{M}aremodeledasParetowithunknowntailindexare modeled as Pareto with unknown tail index\alpha$, density

f(xα)=αxmαxα+1,xxm.f(x \mid \alpha) = \frac{\alpha\, x_m^{\alpha}}{x^{\alpha+1}}, \qquad x \ge x_m.

A sample of n=100n = 100 excess losses has iln(xi/xm)=40\sum_i \ln(x_i / x_m) = 40.

Derive the maximum likelihood estimator of α\alpha and compute it.

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