Topic · Trading & Microstructure
← All topicsOrder Flow Analysis
28 articles · 5 checkpoints · 13 deeper reads · 10 reference notes
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Retail orders are small, round-lot, and routed through a predictable handful of wholesalers, which makes them identifiable from the tape even though no trade is tagged "retail." Being able to tell retail from institutional flow is worth real money to whoever can do it.
Every market maker's core problem is that the next order to hit their quote might come from someone who knows something they don't. Distinguishing informed from uninformed flow, even imperfectly, is what separates a profitable market maker from one that gets picked off.
A large institutional order sliced into hundreds of small child orders is designed to look like ordinary flow. Detecting it anyway, from the tape alone, is a core skill for both predatory traders looking to front-run it and desks trying to measure their own footprint.
Order flow imbalance predicts the next few seconds to minutes of price better than almost anything else available in real time, which is why it sits at the core of high-frequency trading models even though its predictive power decays almost as fast as it appears.
Not every counterparty is priced the same by a market maker. Toxicity scoring turns a counterparty's trading history into a number that predicts how much they'll cost you the next time you fill their order.
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